Back pain that radiates into the leg or arm can indicate a herniated disc. The intervertebral discs are located between the vertebral bodies of the spine. They consist of an...

Tumors in the spinal canal, such as meningiomas or neurinomas (schwannomas), are overwhelmingly benign and grow slowly, so that symptoms usually develop gradually and the diagnosis is often made only...

Neck and back pain, especially occurring after strenuous activity, is usually not caused by serious changes in the spine or compression of nerves. Diagnostically essential are a detailed medical history,...

Spinal canal stenosis is the most common indication for spinal surgery in older age. Causes are degenerative bulging of intervertebral discs and, over the course of months and years, reactive...

Spondylolisthesis (or vertebral slippage) refers to the displacement of a vertebral body. Most often there is a rotation or forward shift (ventrolisthesis or anterolisthesis); the reverse case is referred to...

A vertebral body fracture is a break in one or more vertebral bodies. A vertebral fracture can result from an accident, but it most commonly occurs in older patients with...